ABSTRACT
Background: The study was aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontal pathogens namely Tannerella forsythia (T.f), Campylobacter rectus (C.r), Eikenella corrodens (E.c), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Treponema denticola (T.d), Prevotella nigrescens (P.n) ,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a), P.g (fi mA gene) and Prevotella intermedia (P.i), in the subgingival and the atheromatous plaque of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and comparing them with the noncardiac subjects thereby indicating the role of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the progression of atherosclerosis in south Indian population. Materials and Methods: 51 cardiac and non cardiac subjects within the age group of 40–80 years,who met the eligibility criteria, were selected and categorized as the experimental and control group respectively. Total number of teeth was recorded, and oral hygiene was evaluated using Plaque Index and Oral Hygiene Index (OHI). Periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level were also assessed as a part of periodontal examination. Subgingival plaque samples were collected with the help of with Gracey’s curette in both the groups. In experimental group, biopsy was obtained from the atherosclerotic plaque during Coronary artery bypass grafting CABG procedure. Both, subgingival and the coronary atherosclerotic plaque samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for identification of the periodontal bacteria. Statistical Analysis: Mean, standard deviation and test of significance of quantitative variables such as periodontal parameters were compared between experimental group and control group. Kappa measures of agreement was done to analyze the relationship between the presence/absence of microorganisms in the subgingival and atherosclerotic plaque samples in the experimental group. Results: The mean Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Russel’s Periodontal Index, OHI, clinical attachment level, Pocket Depth Index was statistically significant in both the groups. Association of T.f, E.c, C.r, P.g, P.g (fi mA), T.d, P.i, P.n was significantly associated. A.a was absent in the control group, whereas only one patient in the experimental group was positive for the bacteria. Kappa analysis showed the significant association of periodontal bacteria T.f, C.r, P.g, P.g (fi mA), P.i and P.n in subgingival plaque and atherosclerotic plaque of the same patients of the experimental group. Conclusion: It is concluded that CAD subjects had higher prevalence of periodontal pathogens in subgingival biofilms as compared to the non cardiac subjects. Further, the number of bacteria was significantly associated between the subgingival and atherosclerotic plaques of the cardiac patients in south Indian population.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Coronary Artery Disease/microbiology , Dental Plaque/epidemiology , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Humans , Periodontitis/microbiology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/epidemiology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/microbiology , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Estudos recentes sugeriram associação entre doença periodontal e doenças cardiovasculares e respiratórias. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença de bactérias periodontopatogênicas em placas ateromatosas humanas. Foram incluídos no estudo 24 pacientes de ambos os sexos, 40-60 anos de idade, internados na UTI do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição em Tubarão-SC com indicação para endarterectomia. Após a coleta das placas ateromatosas, procedeu-se a identificação de sete diferentes espécies bacterianas periodontopatógenos por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (RT-PCR). Para realização da análise estatistica foi verificada a associação entre as duas variáveis qualitativas nominais (presença ou ausência de bácterias X tipo de bactérias) por meio do teste Qui-quadrado, com nível designificância de 5 %. Os resultados desse trabalho mostraram haver associação entre presença ou ausência de bactérias e dos diferentes tipos de bactérias nos ateromas analisados (p = 0001). Dos ateromas avaliados 75% apresentaram Porphyromonas gingivalis., 58,3% Treponema denticola., 37,5% apresentaram Fusobacteriumnucleatum., 33,3% Prevotella intermedia., 20,8% Agreggatibacter actinomycetencomitanse. 0,4% de Prevotella nigrescens. Esses achados permitem concluir que bactérias periodontopatogênicas apresentam a capacidade de invadir a parede das artérias, podendo ter papel significativo no desenvolvimento ou ruptura das placas ateroescleróticas.
Recent studies suggested an association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of periodontopathogens in human atherosclerotic plaque. It were included in this study 24 non-smoking patients, both genders, 40-60 years, admitted at intensive unit care with indication of endarterectomy. After collection of carotid samples containing the lesions, the identification of seven different bacterial species was performed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For statistical analysis, the association between two nominal qualitative variables (presence or absence of bactérias vs. bacterial specieis) was verified by Chi-squared test, with a 5% significance level. The results obtained showed an association between the presence or absence and bacterial species found in atheroma (p= .0001). Among the atheroma examined, 75% showed the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, 58.3% showed Treponema denticola, 37.5% showed Fusobacteriumnucleatum, 33.3% showed Prevotella intermedia, 20.8% Agreggatibacter actinomycetencomitans and 0.4% Prevotella nigrescens. These findings suggest that periodontopatoghens are capable of invading artery wall and could play a significant role in the development or rupture of atherosclerotic lesions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Carotid Arteries/pathology , Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/microbiology , Bacterial Load , Periodontal Diseases/pathology , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Estudos recentes sugeriram associação entre doença periodontal e doenças cardiovasculares e respiratórias. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença de bactérias periodontopatogênicas em placas ateromatosas humanas. Foram incluídos no estudo 24 pacientes de ambos os sexos, 40-60 anos de idade, internados na UTI do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição em Tubarão-SC com indicação para endarterectomia. Após a coleta das placas ateromatosas, procedeu-se a identificação de sete diferentes espécies bacterianas periodontopatógenos por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (RT-PCR). Para realização da análise estatistica foi verificada a associação entre as duas variáveis qualitativas nominais (presença ou ausência de bácterias X tipo de bactérias) por meio do teste Qui-quadrado, com nível designificância de 5 %. Os resultados desse trabalho mostraram haver associação entre presença ou ausência de bactérias e dos diferentes tipos de bactérias nos ateromas analisados (p = 0001). Dos ateromas avaliados 75% apresentaram Porphyromonas gingivalis., 58,3% Treponema denticola., 37,5% apresentaram Fusobacteriumnucleatum., 33,3% Prevotella intermedia., 20,8% Agreggatibacter actinomycetencomitanse. 0,4% de Prevotella nigrescens. Esses achados permitem concluir que bactérias periodontopatogênicas apresentam a capacidade de invadir a parede das artérias, podendo ter papel significativo no desenvolvimento ou ruptura das placas ateroescleróticas.
Recent studies suggested an association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of periodontopathogens in human atherosclerotic plaque. It were included in this study 24 non-smoking patients, both genders, 40-60 years, admitted at intensive unit care with indication of endarterectomy. After collection of carotid samples containing the lesions, the identification of seven different bacterial species was performed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For statistical analysis, the association between two nominal qualitative variables (presence or absence of bactérias vs. bacterial specieis) was verified by Chi-squared test, with a 5% significance level. The results obtained showed an association between the presence or absence and bacterial species found in atheroma (p= .0001). Among the atheroma examined, 75% showed the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, 58.3% showed Treponema denticola, 37.5% showed Fusobacteriumnucleatum, 33.3% showed Prevotella intermedia, 20.8% Agreggatibacter actinomycetencomitans and 0.4% Prevotella nigrescens. These findings suggest that periodontopatoghens are capable of invading artery wall and could play a significant role in the development or rupture of atherosclerotic lesions.